Psychiatr. pro Praxi, 2001; 3: 117-120

Serotoninový syndrom - diagnostika, terapie, prevence

MUDr. Pavel Mohr1,2
1 Psychiatrické centrum Praha, 3. LF UK, Praha
2 Centrum neurofarmakologických studií, 3. LF UK Praha

Keywords: serotonin syndrome, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, treatment, serotonin antagonists, drug interactions.

Published: December 31, 2001  Show citation

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Mohr P. Serotoninový syndrom - diagnostika, terapie, prevence. Psychiatr. praxi. 2001;2(3):117-120.

Serotoninový syndrom je závažnou komplikací farmakoterapie, která vzniká na podkladě hyperstimulace serotoninového (5-HT) systému, zejména postsynaptických 5-HT1A a 5-HT2 receptorů. Typické klinické symptomy jsou změny psychického stavu (úzkost, zmatenost, hypománie, agitovanost), neurologické poruchy (myoklonus, hyperreflexie, tremor, ztráta koordinace), gastrointestinální příznaky (průjem, zvracení), kardiovaskulární příznaky (hypertenze, tachykardie), vegetativní symptomy (pocení, horečka). K hyperstimulaci 5-HT systému dochází nejčastěji následkem nevhodných lékových kombinací. Serotoninový syndrom může vzniknout po všech antidepresivech typu SSRI, nejrizikovější kombinací je interakce mezi SSRI a inhibitory monoaminooxidázy. Terapie spočívá především v okamžitém vysazení všech 5-HT léků, dle potřeby je vhodná suportivní terapie a podání benzodiazepinů. Lze též použít 5-HT antagonisty jako je methysergid, cyproheptadin nebo propranolol. Nejdůležitější je však prevence vzniku serotoninového syndromu - dodržováním dostatečného časového intervalu při změně terapie mezi jednotlivými skupinami antidepresiv.

SEROTONIN SYNDROME: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, PROPHYLAXIS

Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening event occuring during pharmacotherapy. It is based on the hyperstimulation of the serotonin (5-HT) system, mediated through postsynaptic 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors. The typical clinical features are: alterations of the mental status (anxiety, confusion, hypomania, agitation), neurological impairments (myoclonus, hyperreflexia, tremor, ataxia), gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting), cardiovascular symptoms (hypertension, tachycardia), autonomic signs (diaphoresis, fever). The most common cause of the 5-HT hyperstimulation are inappropriate drug-drug interactions. All SSRI-type antidepressants can induce serotonin syndrome, the most risky is an interaction between SSRIs and MAOIs. The most efficious treatment is an immediate withdrawal of all 5-HT agents. If necessary, supportive therapy and treatment with benzodiazepines can be provided. Furthermore, 5-HT blockers, such as methysergid, cyproheptadine, and propranolol may be given. However, the most important precaution is the prophylaxis of the serotonin syndrome by a sufficient wash-out period during switching antidepressants of different class.

Psychiatrické centrum Praha, III. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy Praha,

Centrum neuropsychiatrických studií

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