Psychiatry for Practice, 2023, issue 2

Editorial

Špatná zpráva; možné reakce pacienta a jejich zvládání (2. část)

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):67

Review articles

Serious states induced by taking psychopharmacs and their treatment

prof. MUDr. Eva Češková, CSc., PharmDr. Bc. Kateřina Horská, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):70-75 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.015

The article summarizes current knowledge of severe states associated with taking antidepressants and antipsychotics. These states usually require immediate intervention and include acute and tardive dystonia, tardive dyskinesias, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome and withdrawal-induced syndrome. Regarding their severity, and sometimes unexpectedly manifestation, they represent severe adverse events subjected to compulsory reporting to State Institute for Drug Control, Department of Pharmacovigilance.

Depression in schizophrenia

prof. MUDr. Bc. Libor Ustohal, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):76-80 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.016

Depression in schizophrenia is a relatively common problem, it can occur in up to 80 % of patients in the early stages of schizophrenia. There is a concept of post-schizophrenic depression, in the new revision of the classification of diseases it was replaced by qualifiers including depressive. Depression in schizophrenia is clinically different from depression in patients without the disorder - patients with schizophrenia reported sadness similar to those without schizophrenia, but slept longer and had lower levels of fatigue and pessimism. It is difficult to distinguish depression from negative symptoms - symptoms such as low mood, suicidal thoughts...

Brain and environment form a continuum: environmental enrichment as a starting point for change in (not only) addiction treatment

MUDr. Jiří Dvořáček

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):82-85 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.022

In recent years, one of the important topics of neurobiological research is environmental enrichment. A positive and inspiring environment with sensory and motor inspirations and increasing well-being of the organism can significantly repair mental disorders and improve the condition of the brain. In addition to the obviously effective therapeutic moments, our traditional addiction treatment programs have contained "stenizing" elements and elements that are completely opposite to the concept of environmental enrichment. Eliminating these distressing elements and consistently working with environmental enrichment could make our inpatient treatment programs...

Omega-3 and details of their mechanism of action in relation to cytokines and markers of inflammation in affective disorders

MUDr. Hedvika Ernsten

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):87-91 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.017

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are polyunsaturated essential fatty acids that get in the body of mammals exclusively from the outside sources due to their natural inability to synthesize these substances themselves. Their role promotes them into something like "nutraceuticals", i.e. substances commonly present in the normal human diet. Direct influence on the functioning of cells of the immune system, but also other mechanisms in cell membrane metabolism, gene transcription and influence on the intestinal microflora are processes that participate in their pharmacologically definable anti-inflammatory and protective properties....

Interdisciplinary overviews

Genetic factors influencing age of onset of Huntington's disease and markers of its prediction

Petr Roudenský, MSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):92-95

Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder with progressive motor, cognitive and behavioural impairment. The disease is caused by a mutation in the HTT gene, which results in an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats. Although the usual age of clinical onset of the disease is around 40 years, its range extends from childhood to the eighth decade. The main factor influencing this variability is the number of repeats of the expanded allele, on which the age of onset of the disease is inversely dependent, especially between 55 and 80 repeats, but genetic modifiers identified mainly in genome-wide association studies also play...

An overview of current system of psycho-social care for children with autism spectrum disorder in Czech Republic

Mgr. Martina Vyhnalová, Mgr. Lucie Stroupková, MUDr. Pavlína Danhofer, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Hana Ošlejšková, Ph.D., MUDr. Lenka Knedlíková, MUDr. Senad Kolář

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):97-103

The article provides an overview of current system of psycho-social care in Czech republic that might be used by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. General practitioners might recommend these services to their patients if necessary. The text deals with the possibilities of support in educational system, social care system including social benefits and mentions several other specific interventions and organizations for children with ASD.

Specifics of cancer care for LGBTQI+ patients

MUDr. Zdeňka Pechačová, doc. MUDr. Radka Lohynská, Ph.D., MUDr. Tereza Drbohlavová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):104-108

Background: In Europe, approximately 6% of people identify as LGBTQI+ and approximately 1% as transgender. This community remains less visible to the healthcare system, as sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data is not structurally collected and patients are often reluctant to disclose SOGI to healthcare professionals due to fear of discrimination. Therefore, many of the specific needs of these patients remain unmet. Specific risks, including cancer risk factors, can be identified in LGBTQI+ subgroups. Purpose: The aim of this contribution is to summarise the specifics of cancer care for LGBTQI+ patients. This includes risk factors...

Case report

Pregabalin as an abused substance

MUDr. Vojtěch Prášil, Mgr. Michaela Prášilová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):109-111 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.018

Pregabalin is a widely prescribed antiepileptic medication with anxiolytic and analgetic effect. Pregabalin abuse and pregabaline addiction are described and studied in literature. In two case studies the authors present cases from the Czech republic. A case of iatrogenic addiction is presented as well as a case of a patient with combined addiction and a comorbid depressive disorder.

Caregiver burden in a patient with schizophrenia

Mgr. Libuše Winklerová, Mgr. Anna Vitásková, Bc. Irena Mádrová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):113-115 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.019

The care of a person with schizophrenia is challenging and has its obstacles. Serious problems can occur in cases when the mentally ill person is in the home care of the family. The case study shows the importance of education and providing an assistance to the families which are taking care of the mentally ill person. It shows the importance of providing help to these families and takes into concern their situation and how serious the consequences of unresolved issues can be.