Psychiatr. pro Praxi, 2004; 3: 136-138

Pohlavné rozdiely v stresovej reakcii a v účinku antidepresív

doc. MUDr. Daniela Ježová DrSc
Laboratórium farmakologickej neuroendokrinológie, Ústav experimentálnej endokrinológie, Slovenská akadémia vied, Bratislava

Keywords: antidepressants, stress, gender differences.

Published: December 31, 2004  Show citation

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Ježová D. Pohlavné rozdiely v stresovej reakcii a v účinku antidepresív. Psychiatr. praxi. 2004;9(3):136-138.

Výskyt depresívnych porúch je častejší u žien než u mužov, čo môže súvisieť s pohlavnými rozdielmi v odpovedi organizmu na stresové podnety. U zvierat sa pozorovali vyššie hladiny stresových hormónov u samičiek, a to pod vplyvom stresu aj v modeloch experimentálnej depresie. Pohlavné rozdiely v stresovej reakcii sa zistili aj u ľudí, ich charakter však závisí od typu pôsobiaceho stresového podnetu. Prekvapivo, možné pohlavné rozdiely v účinku antidepresív nie sú vyjasnené. Boli popísané viaceré zmeny vo farmakokinetike antidepresív. Sú údaje o tom, že u žien je vyššia pravdepodobnosť priaznivej terapeutickej odpovede na sertralín a iné SSRI ako na imipramín, kým u mužov tomu môže byť naopak. V niektorých štú­diách sa však odlišnosti v účinkoch antidepresív v závislosti od pohlavia nepodarilo potvrdiť.

Kľúčové slová

antidepresíva, stres, pohlavné rozdiely.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE STRESS RESPONSE AND IN THE ACTION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS

The incidence of depression in women is significantly greater than in man and it may be related, at least partly, to gender differences in neuroendocrine responses during stress. In animals, stress hormone levels were found to be higher in females both under stress and in experimental models of depression. Gender differences have been observed also in humans, but they seem to be dependent on the nature of the stress stimulus. Surprisingly, possible gender differences in the action of anti­de­press­ants are not clear. Several differences in the pharmacokinetics have been described. It has been reported that women are more likely to show a favorable response to sertraline and other SSRI than to imipramine. However, gender differences in therapeutic effects of antidepressants have not been confirmed in all recent studies.

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