Psychiatři a technologie

doc. MUDr. Tomáš Kašpárek, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):135  

Mood and behaviour disorder in dementias

MUDr.Pavel Ressner, Ph.D., MUDr.Petra Bártová, Ph.D., Mgr.Petr Nilius, Mgr.Dagmar Beránková, Mgr.Petra Szajterová, MUDr.Michal Bar, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.David Školoudík, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):140-144  

According to various sources in the literature, dementia is caused by Alzheimer’s dementia in approximately 50–60 %, vascular dementia in 10 % and dementia with Lewy bodies in 15–20 %. In addition to these untreatable or difficult-to-treat conditions, there are causes of dementias which are reversible and these account for about 10 % of dementias. Cognitive disorder is the main symptom in all aetiologies of dementias; however, the risk of patient institutionalization is rather dependent on the severity of noncognitive disorders in dementia syndromes, i. e. behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD). BPSD represent...

Lewyho tělísky.

MUDr.Václav Dostál

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):145-148  

Depression and dementia Dementia and depression are common neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly population. Depression is a recognized risk factor for developing depression and depressive symptoms accompany a fully-developed dementia syndrome. The particular types of neurodegenerative diseases manifested by dementia are characterized by varying rates of depression. Depressive symptomatology has been described most commonly in Alzheimer’s disease; however, it also occurs early in vascular depression or Huntington’s disease. The differential diagnosis of dementia must always distinguish pseudodementia, i.e. a condition manifested...

Acute treatment of bipolar depression

doc.MUDr.Radovan Přikryl, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):149-152  

In the last years new data have been published on the acute treatment of depression of bipolar affective disorder. They have been subsequently involved in the guidelines and treatment algorithms of bipolar affective disorder. Unfortunately, they often led to conflicting conclusions and recommendations due to limitations of the available literature. As a general approach during depressive episodes in bipolar disorder most guidelines suggest lithium, lamotrigine or quetiapine monotherapy as first-line choice. If psychotic features are present, to add an antipsychotic such as olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone. The use of an antidepressant...

Diagnosing and treating delirium tremens

MUDr.Roman Pilch

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):153-155  

Delirium tremens is a life threatening condition that requires an intensive care. The treatment involves high dosages of clomethiazol or benzodiazepines, intravenous fluid and electrolyte supplementation, treatment of complications, monitoring of blood results (esp. electrolytes, fluid levels) and vital signs. The restriction of the patient is often needed. Non-complicated delirium tremens could be cured in the mental hospital, but more complicated states (somatic disease, head trauma etc.) should be treated in the intensive care unit with the cooperation of a psychiatrist.

Spirituality, religiosity and mental disorders

Mgr.Mária Miličevičová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):156-158  

Psychological diagnosis faces challenges when tries to differentiate nonpsychopathological religious/spiritual experiences from those that might refer to underlying psychopathology. We offer some findings by different authors who have proffesional interest in this specific area. Our goal is show differencies and few problems in differential-diagnostic process when assess these phenomenas too. This report doesn´t cover whole knowledge, it´s meant rather as a proposal for own research.

Pathological dissociation - is it or not?

MUDr.PhDr.Petr Pastucha, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Ján Praško, CSc., MUDr.Andrea Cinculová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):162-165  

The concept of dissociation is currently discussed as a phenomenon containing both pathological and the non-pathological component. The pathological form of dissociation may in some mental disorders represent one symptom amongst many symptoms of the whole psychopathological picture. The quantity of it is different in a different type of the disorder. On the contrary the non-pathological form of dissociation is quite a common phenomenon in the normal healthy population. DES-T questionnaire containing 8 items is used for screening (to detect) the pathological form of dissociation. Our own findings support the concept of the pathological dissociation....

Would therapeutic drug monitoring improve adherence and efficaccy of treatment in schizophrenia?

prof.MUDr.Eva Češková, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):166-168  

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is considered to be a valid tool for optimization of pharmacotherapy, however, in clinical practice is rarely used. TDM may help to answer the questions important for a choice of treatment strategy, e.g. whether the patient takes the drug and whether the drug is taken in a sufficient dose. The most common causes of nontherapeutic range of plasma levels include non-adherence and pharmacokinetic interaction. Clozapine still represents the gold standard in the treatment of pharmacoresistant schizophrenia and optimal plasma levels for acute and maintenance clozapine treatment are well known. Literature and our...

Competencies in cognitive behavioral therapy and supervision

prof.MUDr.Ján Praško, CSc., MUDr.Petr Možný, MUDr.Miloš Šlepecký, MUDr.Miroslav Novotný, Bc.Jana Vyskočilová, DiS.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):169-174  

Attaining and maintaining the psychotherapeutic and supervision competencies is a core value in the field of cognitive behavioral therapy. PUBMED data base was searched for articles using the key words „cognitive behavioral therapy”, „competence“, „therapeutic relations”, „intervention”, „technique”, „training”, „supervision”, „self-reflection“, „empirically supported”, „transference”, „countertransference“, „schema therapy“, „dialectical behavioral therapy“. The search was repeated by changing...

Ambivalence within long-term unsatisfactory partner relationship and inspiration in adictology

Mgr.Roman Pešek

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):175-177  

The paper focuses on a model and a psychotherapeutic method for clients with a significant problem regarding long-term ambivalence within their partner relationship. A model of a motivation to change one’s behaviour, frequently used in Adictology, is offered as a theoretical framework for understanding this issue. After a method is presented – the method could be used, after particular modification, for the assessment of ambivalence and for the improvement of cognitive outlooks at various aspects of ambivalence. At present, mentioned model and method are only hypothesis based on a limited amount of therapeutic experiences. Therefore,...

Autodidaktický test 4/2011

Psychiatr. praxi. 2011;12(4):178