Dětská psychiatrie v centru zájmu

MUDr. Šárka Bínová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):123  

Late-life depression

doc. MUDr. Martina Zvěřová, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):126-128 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.028  

The most common disorder in an advanced age except dementia remains late-life depression. Ethiology of this serious process is complicated. There are important factors such as biological factors, psychosocial stress, and in lesser extent genetic factors. Depression by itself can cause social deprivation, isolation, and complication in daily life. It increases risk of alcohol and drug consumption and loss of self-care. Depression influences not only patient bud also his relatives. It presents not only an escalating financial drain on the patient's family and estate but also a public health concern. Antidepressant treatment is effective and safe.

Mobbing in workplace: mechanisms and condsequences

MUDr. Vlastimil Nesnídal, prof. MUDr. Ján Praško, CSc., PhDr. Marie Ocisková, Ph.D., MUDr. Lucie Bundárová, Mgr. František Hodný, MUDr. Kryštof Kantor, MUDr. Kristýna Vrbová, Ph.D., PhDr. Michaela Holubová, Ph.D., MUDr. Jonáš Boček, MUDr. Jakub Vaněk, doc. PhDr. Miloš Šlepecký, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):132-137 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.029  

Mobbing is the recurring inadequate behavior of a group against an individual. This behavior can take the form of verbal aggression such as insults, threats, unilateral slander, harassment or exclusion from society, and sometimes physical aggression. Mobbing is characterized by a disproportionate force of actors, with the victim most often in a significantly weaker position. It is often a subordinate, but the bullying of a superior by subordinates is no exception. In the informal hierarchy of the group, bullied people are usually on the margins, they tend to be so-called "black sheep". The essence of mobbing is the mental and physical degradation of...

Treatment options for pharmacoresistant depression in routine clinical practice

prof. MUDr. Eva Češková, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):138-142 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.030  

Patients with first-episode patients differ from those with multi-episode and chronic schizophrenia in several important aspects. While treatment response the first-episode is better, the risk of relapse is higher. Poor medication adherence is a significant problem in early psychosis Both first- and second-generation antipsychotics are very effective in reducing symptoms, however, there are tolerability and retention in treatment advantages for the second-generation antipsychotics in first-episode psychosis. The early years after the first-episode a represent a critical period for further outcome and the best opportunity for achieving optimal outcomes.

Clinical experience with newer antipsychotics

MUDr. Jakub Vaněk

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):143-148 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.031  

Psychotic disorders are among the serious psychiatric disorders with far-reaching negative consequences for the patient and society. Each new drug that expands the armamentarium for modern psychiatry greatly helps in treatment. Modern antipsychotics are effective and safe drugs. However, in the therapy of psychotic disorders, there are still has specific areas that we cannot influence in a sufficiently targeted manner. In the last three years, three new antipsychotics have been introduced in the Czech Republic. The first of these is cariprazine released in 2019, second is lurasidone released in spring 2020 and, most recently, brexpiprazole in autumn...

Tolerability of antidepressants, their multimodal effects and mechanisms of their side effects

doc. PharmDr. Jan Juřica, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):150-156 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.032  

Antidepressants represent an essential and effective therapeutic approach in treating depressive disorders and many other neuropsychiatric diseases. This review article summarizes the most common side effects of the most frequently used antidepressants in the Czech Republic. These side effects usually have a rational explanation based on their receptor profile or pharmacokinetics. In this context, the advantages and disadvantages of these selected antidepressants are summarized, especially in terms of tolerability and additive effects.

Faces of pseudodementia

MUDr. Jana Zmeková, prof. MUDr. Ján Praško, CSc., PhDr. Marie Ocisková, Ph.D., PhDr. Michaela Holubová, Ph.D., Mgr. František Hodný, MUDr. Jakub Vaněk

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):158-162 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.033  

Pseudodementia, as one of the subtypes of transient or reversible dementias, is a condition characterized by a significant transient reduction in cognition. The review article summarizes the available resources dealing with the psychopathology, etiology and etiopathogenesis of pseudodementia. The clinical significance of pseudodementia lies in its potential to create an "impression of a deeper cognitive deficit" than the actual state of cognitive performance functions. Patients do not have difficulty equipping individual knowledge in targeted questioning but fail to systematize it and connect it in context, leading to reduced cognitive variability...

Dissociative experiences and their psychometric measurements: "Dissociative Experiences Scale" and "State Scale of Dissociation"

MUDr. Tereza Petrásková Toušková, Ph.D., doc. RNDr. Petr Bob, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):e03-e14 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.037  

The theory of dissociation was introduced by Pierre Janet as a disturbance of the system of associations due to the conflicting traumatic or stressful experiences with subsequent manifestations of psychopathological symptoms. Dissociative symptoms represent continuum of symptoms in healthy population and manifesting also with severe symptoms in several mental disorders such as Dissociative Disorders. Several questionnaires have been published to assess or diagnose dissociative symptoms, for example Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) and Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20) which enable to assess dissociative symptoms over a longer period...

New insights on the treatment of dementia

Mgr. Radoslava Bajtošová, doc. MUDr. Iva Holmerová, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Robert Rusina, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):e15-e25  

Therapeutic aspects in dementia are focused on complex approaches and are based on four interlinked columns: psychosocial interventions (nonpharmacological interventions and caregiver support), pharmacotherapy (mainly acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine), neuropsychiatry (management of behavioral and psychologic symptoms of dementia) and palliative care (early palliative interventions; complex palliative approach in advanced stages of dementia). Different therapeutic modalities are described in detail and particular impact is attributed to interdisciplinarity and close cooperation with relatives, since the diagnosis is established.

Technologies and children: current recommendations for pediatricians and a summary of practical tools for screening and primary prevention

Mgr. Michaela Slussareff, Ph.D., Mgr. Kateřina Lukavská, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):e26-e33 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.039  

The article presents and analyzes current recommendations concerning children's use of digital technologies (or screens). Based on these recommendations, the article proposes tools for screening and primary prevention of risky use of screens in the pediatric office. The screening tools are divided according to age categories into (1) recommendations for the youngest children (0-5 years), (2) recommendations for younger school age (6-10 years) and (3) recommendations for older school age and adolescents (11+).

Lurasidone in the treatment of pharmacoresistant schizophrenia: a case report

MUDr. Jan Hubeňák, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):163-166 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.034  

Lurasidone is a serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonist, one of the most recently available antipsychotics in the Czech Republic. It has a minimal effect on physical and metabolic parameters while a significant effectiveness on the symptoms of psychosis is maintained. This is evidenced by the case report below, which describes a good response to lurasidone in a patient with paranoid schizophrenia and resistance to treatment, including electroconvulsive therapy.

Treatment of residual symptoms of schizophrenia with cariprazine

MUDr. Pavel Knytl

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):167-171 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.035  

Despite continuous research in the field of schizophrenia, there are still limiting factors in treatment of this illness. Remission is often of poor-quality because of adverse effects of medication, negative symptoms and cognitive deterioration. Recently new antipsychotic promising advance in limitations mentioned above were introduced. One of those is cariprazine, partial agonist of dopamine receptors. Several articles regarding its advantages have been already published in Czech literature. We present this following case study as an example of practical use of this medication.

Mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of child and adolescent psychiatrists

MUDr. Šárka Bínová, MUDr. Tomáš Havelka

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):173-178 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.036  

We present a review paper on the mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this situation affected the provision of paedopsychiatric care in paedopsychiatric outpatient and paedopsychiatric inpatient facilities. We have drawn on the authors' own experience and in particular on the results of a survey conducted among child and adolescent psychiatrists, members of the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, in May 2021. A comparison was made between the first lockdown period from the beginning of March 2020 to the end of September 2020 and the second lockdown period from the beginning of October 2020 to the...

Survey on the topic: Children at risk of pornography and online sexual aggressors

MUDr. Petra Sejbalová, MUDr. Jana Martincová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):e34-e46 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2021.040  

Based on the case studies we have encountered in practice, we were interested in whether these individual cases reflect the real situation of teenagers. We turned to primary and secondary schools with a survey: Children at Risk of Pornography and Online Sexual Aggressors. Our aim was to find out from what age children are exposed to pornography and danger from hunters of sexual victims, especially minors, and how they can cope with this experience. Furthermore, we wanted to find out whether the risky behavior of children is somehow related to the quality of sexual education, or to be more precise, the source from which they received it.