Psychofarmakoterapie včera, dnes a zítra

prof. MUDr. Eva Češková, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):47  

Circadian rhythms and depression

MUDr.Michal Maršálek, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):50-53  

There is an evidence for the link betweeen circadian rhythms dysfunction and pathophysiology of depression. Manipulation of the circadian timing system via sleep deprivation, light therapy, or antidepressant agomelatine with new mode of action may represent inovative style of treatment in major depression.

Epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: benefits of uniform terminology and psychotherapeutic

Mgr.Dana Chmelařová, MUDr.Hana Vacovská

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):54-57  

treatment options In the first part the overview article is focused on the differential diagnostics of epileptic (ES) and non-epileptic (NES), mostly psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). It emphasizes the difficulties which can occur as a result of disunited interdisciplinary terminology. In the second part the article offers new possibilities of psychotherapy in patients with PNES and patients with combined EP and PNES. At the end of the article there is a case report of a female patient with the diagnosis of combined EP and PNES seizures; the patient has been treated both antiepileptic medication and psychotherapy. Specifically, katathym...

Pathological intoxication

doc.MUDr.Pavel Pavlovský, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):58-60  

The paper presents the views on pathological intoxication, a rare condition that can be characterized as an abnormal response to alcohol use; its main symptom is a qualitative disorder of consciousness in the form of obnubilation. Diagnosing this condition is of essential importance in forensic psychiatry; when a crime was committed during its course, the findings of an expert assessment concerning the loss of cognitive and control capacities consequently imply declaring insanity. The opinions on the causative factors of pathological intoxication vary, particularly in relation to what degree organic brain involvement, a pathological EEG finding,...

Anxiety and anxiety disorders in dementia

MUDr.Vanda Franková

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):61-63  

The article summarizes the basic literature knowledge concerning this issue, making reference to the Rating Anxiety in Dementia (RAID) scale by Shankar, et al. and the revised diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder in persons with dementia as proposed by Starkstein, et al. Also presented are some recommendations concerning psychotherapeutic approaches and pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in the elderly with dementia.

Summary

doc.MUDr.Iva Holmerová, Ph.D., MUDr.Michaela Baumanová, MUDr.Hana Vaňková, MUDr.Božena Jurašková, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):64-68  

Authors discuss pharmacotherapy of dementia caused by Alzheimer´s disease and other similar diseases. They reflect three stages of dementia according to the strategy P-PA-IA suggested by the Czech Alzheimer Society as well as the spectrum of symptoms of this important syndrome.

Forced medication

MUDr.Alexander Nawka

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):69-74  

Pharmacological treatment has in the algorithm of the management of an acutely agitated patient its indisputable place and should be initiated only if previous de-escalation techniques and other non-pharmacological methods had fail. Ideal drug for such purpose should be non-invasive; easy to apply; with rapid onset of action; effectively decreasing agitation without excessive sedation; well-tolerated and should positively affect the underlying psychiatric condition. Despite the wide variety of currently available drugs nor one meets all the criteria. The review article discusses the current treatment options for agitated patients with primary...

The new form of paranoia

MUDr.Světlana Kroftová, MUDr.Martina Michálková, MUDr.Klára Zítková

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):75-77  

The term paranoia was first time published by the psychiatrist Heinroth in 1818. It was identified as the pathology delusion of the person without an impaired intellectual capacity. Nowadays, in the International Classification of Diseases, the paranoia is called The Permanent Delusion Disorder. It is difficult to treat. The main symptom is a chronic paranoid delusion. In general it can be understood as a feeling of special human capacity or serving a special mission. Other symptoms of paranoia include hypersensitivity, delusions, complains, keeping feisty fellings and radical attitudes, suspisiousness and being self-centered. The disorder...

Female-to-male transsexualism from childhood to young adulthood

MUDr.Pavel Theiner, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):78-80  

This case report describes complicated care of patients with transsexualism (F64.0) who present to sexology services as early as childhood. It highlights the issues of correct diagnosis and differential diagnosis, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, the lacking concept of care of this type of patients and, in particular, the importance of a good therapeutic relationship and great patience of both the therapist (physician) and the client.

Schizophrenia in the outpatient setting

MUDr.Oto Markovič

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):85-88  

The treatment and decision making process in acute schizophrenic patient is key in our every day practice. The right approach gives better and successful treatment outcomes for patients with this disease. The key element to gain this aim is appropriate selection of medication and good cooperation with patient and his family. This topic is very broad. However, we briefly summarize information about schizophrenia and treatment of acute schizophrenic patient in this article.

Brief medical report („parere“) in psychiatry

MUDr.Jiří Švarc, Ph.D., MUDr.Eva Šuhajdová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):89-90  

„Parere“ is a Czech medical term that means brief medical report for another physician with the request for a specialized medical care or hospitalization. It should contain the reasons and specification of the requested care and the essential information about previous examinations and treatment. The article summarizes related laws, common failings and illustrates them by case reports.

Metacognitive training in schizophrenia

MUDr.Petr Možný

Psychiatr. praxi. 2012;13(2):81-84  

Metacognitive training in schizophrenia (MCT) is a group therapy programme for psychotic patients developed by Moritz and Woodward. Its aim is to help patients to become aware of the errors in thinking they commit and to reduce these errors. It is based on scientific studies showing that, in schizophrenia, certain types of cognitive processing deficits are characteristic; that patients are unaware of these deficits; and that this affects their emotions and their behaviour. MCT consists of eight modules, each focused on a certain type of cognitive bias. One module deals with depression and the methods of coping with it. Each module contains...